East London was set up by the British in the year 1836 as a military post and served them as a base during the Xhosa-Wars. The arrival of German settlers, who had been serving as mercenaries in the British-German Legion, gave the place at the mouth of the Buffalo River an economic boost. In 1873 East London was given town rights.

Today, East London counts about half a million citizens, including the people living in the surrounding townships. The biggest employer is the Daimler Chrysler AG, which manufactures here Mercedes cars and trucks for the South African market and for export. East London has the forth-biggest port of South Africa. It is the only harbour in South Africa that lies on a river. A modern airport links the town to the South African Airways net.
East London is almost all year round blessed with a pleasant and sunny climate and - like all places along the Sunshine Coast - with wonderful sandy beaches. Directly in the city centre area are the Nahoon, the Orient and the Eastern Beach. Here, numerous big hotel complexes and apartment blocks determine the scene. The aquarium at the Esplanade is the oldest in South Africa. Besides the fishes, penguins and seals can also be seen here.